Titanium broaching demands careful control of tool material, tooth geometry, speed, feed per tooth, wear limits, and lubrication. This guide summarizes recommended HSS and carbide grades, rake and clearance angles, roughing and finishing data, and cutting-fluid formulations that help improve accuracy, finish, and broach life.
Titanium broaching can suffer from unstable accuracy, rough surfaces, short broach life, and chips that adhere firmly to the teeth. These problems are controlled through tool material, tooth geometry, cutting data, and cutting fluid.
Suitable high-speed steels include W6Mo5Cr4V2Al, W2Mo9Cr4VCo8, W12Mo3Cr4V3Co5Si, and W12Cr4VMo. The first is preferred where practical; the second performs well but costs more, while the latter grades are harder to sharpen. W12Cr4V4Mo can be used for rough broaches. YG8 and YG10H are suitable cemented carbides.
| Tool material | Rake angle | External cutting clearance | External sizing clearance | Internal cutting clearance | Internal sizing clearance | Inclination | Rake/flank Ra |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSS / carbide | 10–20° / 8–15° | 10–12° | 8–10° | 5–8° | 2–3° | 5–10° | ≤0.32 μm |
Use the lower rake-angle values for roughing and the higher values for finishing. Avoid a land on sizing teeth where possible; if one is required, keep it no wider than 0.12 mm. On slot broaches, tooth width should be at least the lower-limit slot width. Chip-curling features are similar to those used for heat-resistant superalloys.
Feed per tooth is fixed during broach design, so cutting speed is the primary controllable parameter.
| Tool material | Speed | Roughing feed per tooth | Finishing feed per tooth |
|---|---|---|---|
| HSS | 4.5–6 m/min | 0.06–0.10 mm | 0.02–0.04 mm |
| Carbide | 15–30 m/min | 0.08–0.12 mm | 0.03–0.04 mm |
A recommended mixed oil contains 60% castor oil and 40% kerosene by mass. An alternative contains 30% polyether, 30% ester oil, 30% N7 machine oil, and 10% rust-preventive and anti-oil-sludge additives. Typical wear criteria are VB ≤0.3–0.4 mm for roughing broaches and VB ≤0.15–0.2 mm for finishing broaches.
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